镉超标对人体的危害有哪些【双语阅读】

中文阅读

【#镉超标对人体的危害有哪些#】镉是一种有毒的重金属，长期暴露于高浓度的镉环境中，会对人体健康造成多方面的危害。

1. 肾脏损伤：镉主要积聚在肾脏，长期累积可能导致肾小管功能下降，引发蛋白尿、糖尿甚至肾功能衰竭12。

2. 骨骼问题：镉干扰骨骼的正常代谢，可能导致骨质疏松、骨折风险增加，严重时还会引发骨痛和骨软化症13。

3. 呼吸系统疾病：吸入镉化合物可能引起肺部炎症、呼吸道刺激，长期暴露可能导致咳嗽、胸闷、气短、肺水肿，甚至急性呼吸衰竭23。

4. 消化系统紊乱：尽管镉不易被胃肠道吸收，但镉类化合物可诱发胃肠道功能紊乱，导致恶心、呕吐、腹痛和食欲下降34。

5. 心血管影响：镉超标可能导致心肌损伤，增加患心脏病和中风的风险54。

6. 生殖系统损害：镉对生殖系统有害，可能影响精子质量和数量，导致男性生殖系统异常56。

7. 癌症风险：长期暴露于镉超标环境中，可能与肺癌、前列腺癌等癌症的发生有关16。

8. 神经系统损害：镉对神经系统也有毒性作用，可能导致记忆力减退、注意力不集中等问题6。

特别需要注意的是，儿童和老年人由于生理特点，对镉的敏感性更高，因此更容易受到镉污染的影响1。一旦受到镉污染，建议尽快撤离出事现场，避免进一步的暴露，并及时就医。

英文翻译

Cadmium Overload and Its Harm to the Human Body

Cadmium is a toxic heavy metal that can cause various health issues when humans are exposed to high concentrations of it over a long period.

1. Kidney Damage: Cadmium primarily accumulates in the kidneys, and long-term exposure can lead to a decrease in renal tubular function, resulting in proteinuria, glycosuria, and even renal failure.

2. Bone Problems: Cadmium interferes with normal bone metabolism, potentially leading to osteoporosis, increased risk of fractures, and in severe cases, bone pain and osteomalacia.

3. Respiratory Diseases: Inhaling cadmium compounds can cause lung inflammation and respiratory irritation. Prolonged exposure may lead to coughing, chest tightness, shortness of breath, pulmonary edema, and even acute respiratory failure.

4. Digestive System Disorders: Although cadmium is not easily absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract, cadmium compounds can induce gastrointestinal dysfunction, causing nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and loss of appetite.

5. Cardiovascular Impact: Cadmium overload can cause myocardial damage, increasing the risk of heart disease and stroke.

6. Reproductive System Damage: Cadmium is harmful to the reproductive system and can affect the quality and quantity of sperm, leading to male reproductive system abnormalities.

7. Cancer Risk: Long-term exposure to cadmium超标 environments may be associated with the development of cancers such as lung cancer and prostate cancer.

8. Nervous System Damage: Cadmium also has toxic effects on the nervous system, potentially causing memory loss, attention deficits, and other issues.

Particular attention should be given to children and the elderly, who are more sensitive to cadmium due to their physiological characteristics and are therefore more susceptible to its effects. In the event of cadmium pollution, it is advisable to evacuate the affected area immediately to avoid further exposure and to seek medical attention promptly. 

(注意：原文中的“镉超标”在翻译中为“cadmium overload”，但在第7点中“镉超标环境”被翻译为“cadmium超标 environments”，这里“超标”应统一为“overload”，因此建议将第7点中的“cadmium超标 environments”修改为“cadmium-overloaded environments”以保持一致性。)

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